Health comprehends not merely the negative blessings of freedom from disease and pain of all sorts, not merely the physical pleasure, chiefly felt in infancy and youth, of the free and equal circulation of all the fluids, but also the preservation of the frame through the longest period of life, in such a state of equal and gentle excitement as to be capable of all those exertions and enjoyments, physical, mental, or social, not accompanied with nor followed by preponderant evil, which the wisest arrangement of circumstances can present to every individual.

The most prominent of the causes, perhaps, that derange health, that engender and perpetuate diseases or induce permanent predispositions to contract them, and thus shorten by one half what might be the average duration of human life, while they cloud with pain and apprehensions the other half, are the following.

Which of the above circumstances, physical or mental, influencing health and long life, would not be within the control of a co-operative community? Is there scarcely one of them, or much more than one, which are now within the control of almost any one, rich or poor, of those acting on the system of competitive exertion?

Of physical causes, we may first observe.

The most important of these, from the unremitting exertions necessary to procure them, as well as from their becoming, by the process of digestion, the component parts of our frame, are the various articles we use for food. These are now indiscriminately used without any regard to selection, except with reference to the immediate pleasures of taste and the pecuniary means of purchase.

The great majority of mankind, from the pressure of excessive poverty, even were ignorance and irrational example out of the question, are under the necessity of consuming whatever they can get with the means at their command, to support their existence from day to day. Though death, by inflammation of some sort or other, within a year or a month, were the inevitable consequence of using or persevering in the use of a particular species of food, the poor must use it or not live out the day or the week, when they are without the means of procuring better food. Neither the species nor the quality of the food, farther than its immediate effect on the senses and feelings of hunger, are or can be, under their present circumstances, considered by the poor. To want of knowledge of the effects remote as well as immediate, of the different species of food, of its regulation both as to quantity and quality, which they share with the rich, they are by poverty precluded from any choice of food whatever but what their scanty means enable them to purchase. Can we wonder that men so situated and so compelled to irrational conduct in such a main item of their well-being as the regulation of what is to form their own physical frame, should be ever liable to tormenting disease and abridged of half the natural or attainable duration of their lives?

The effect, again, of insufficient and innutritive food on the stomach and physical powers, joined to overexertion with depressing accompaniments and the want of the comforts and the neatnesses of life as well as of the gentle mental excitements that knowledge and social enjoyments afford, irresistibly drive the ignorant, underfed and over-worked, to the temporary exhilaration of intoxicating liquors relieving for a moment the corroding listlessness of existence, exciting the vessels of nutrition, circulation, and thought (those of the brain) into a temporary glow of action, and purchasing a sad and short oblivion of wretchedness at the expense of predisposition to inflammatory disease and premature death.

Did competition permit the existence of a class of men who selected their food from rational motives alone, namely its ascertained tendency to preserve the system in uninterrupted health for the longest life, it being known experimentally that that same species of food would also produce throughout life the greatest quantity and intensity of the pleasures of taste and appetite, we would then be able by simply contrasting the rational and the irrational, those who selected their food from those who consumed like oxen or horses to gratify immediate taste and appetite alone without foresight or regard to consequences, to demonstrate the penalty paid in disease and premature death, from neglecting the most useful articles of food.

Unfortunately competition does not permit to exist a class of any such rational individuals with respect to the selection of their food; or if by chance there be a few such individuals, they are mostly deprived of the means, pecuniary and otherwise, of persevering in any well-ascertained judicious selection. To the rich, who consume without producing, the pleasures of appetite, of the gratification of hunger or thirst, are not known: such feelings are scarcely ever permitted to be excited, being on the one hand esteemed vulgar, and on the other constantly overpowered by repletion and stimulation. To the rich, the gratification of the immediate pleasures of taste are the leading object proposed in the selection of food, these pleasures again mostly depending on acquired feelings, the result of locality, fashion, and accident. One of the axioms of the competitive system of enjoyment, as well as of that of the preceding system extracting labor by force from slaves is, that what gives pleasure, what is useful to all, must be contemptible: hence rare and dear articles of food as of every thing else, are exclusively used by the rich, the use of common and cheap articles indicating poverty, with which every thing wretched and hateful is associated: the dainties of one place prized there by the rich because they are scarce, are despised by the rich of another place in which they are in greater perfection, simply because they are abundant and can be enjoyed by all. No article is valued, not to say for its permanent good qualities in the use, not even for its immediate pleasurable qualities in the use, until these latter get also the passport of variety and distinction: the pleasures of antipathy must be added to even the immediate pleasures of taste or they lose their value in the scale of competition. Not only does competition demand from the rich the display of the immediate enjoyment of the articles of food as of all other articles, but of such more particularly as others cannot enjoy. Now these two qualities, of immediate pleasure (in the existing state, more or less deranged, of the physical system of almost every individual) and of rarity, are, neither of them, necessarily connected with the preservation of permanent health and long life, but mostly opposed to them. What the poor lose in health and long life from the effects of mere want, the rich lose from the folly of intemperance and of display; neither of them ever thinking of studying the ultimate effects of the species of food they consume on their frame during the whole attainable period of its existence in a state of happiness.

Competition calls into being a set of men who necessarily trade in the curing of wounds and diseases. The more wounds and diseases, if accompanied with the ability of paying for the cure, the better for this trade, as the greater the demand for cottons and silks the better for the manufacturers of these articles. Now the healthier the food, the fewer the diseases. Hence the whole interest and influence of the curers of wounds and diseases, are opposed to the banishment of disease by the selection, with that object steadily in view, of all articles of food. Disease must not only be cured, but must be warded off, by medicines, by incendiary drugs, instead of being prevented and frequently cured by the mere regulation of food, by calming and anti-irritating applications and other appropriate non-medical means. The medical class have been also exposed with all the rest of the rich in their early education and amongst their youthful and full-grown associates, to admire and hanker after the pleasures of intemperance, mere distinction, and all species of the pleasures (falsely so called) of antipathy. It is moreover no part of their profession, as it has been no part of their study, to preserve health to the healthy: it is on the contrary their vulgar interest, as forming one of the trades of competition, that the healthy should become diseased.

With such powerful causes opposed to the preservation of health constantly operating, particularly as regards the selection of food, how can we wonder that society is one great lazar-house of disease and premature death, from the want of the poor, the intemperance of the rich, and the utter ignorance of the art of preserving health, and short-sighted mistaken competitive interests of all? In a co-operative community, want will be banished, abundance of the most healthy food, affording a regular and gentle gratification of appetite and taste, will supersede intemperance, which moreover must there be paid for by the trouble of production, and will therefore be speedily banished; while the value of the different species of food will come to be estimated solely by their tendency to keep up uninterrupted health through the longest life. The study of the science and art of preserving uninterrupted health and long life, will be rendered not only the interest of the medical class, but also one of the most engaging of the branches of education and of attractive pursuit to all.

If a co-operative community have an absolute command of the articles of food by the faculty of producing them, they have scarcely less power over the second mentioned physical causes deranging health, namely exposure to wet, cold, deleterious air, putrid miasmata, and other injurious physical agencies. Injurious exposure to wet and cold, now the ordinary and inevitable lot of millions, to obtain the bare and most wretched means of existence, and which cut off prematurely the lives of almost all those who work in the open air, would never be experienced by the members of co-operative communities, whose arrangements would provide suitable employments for all at all seasons. There is scarcely a trade or employment as now practised, which has not an injurious physical effect on health, whether from the length of daily time employed, or from the utter disregard to the removal of agents injurious to health arising out of the occupation. True it unfortunately is that human research has yet done little to bring under control, or even to discover the mode of operation of, many of these agents: but as far as knowledge extends, co-operative arrangements can with facility make that knowledge practically useful for all; while under existing arrangements, so discordant are the interests of all, so limited individual power to remove from its vicinity any aerial substance injurious to health, or to create in extreme cases an atmosphere of useful agents, that the poor, the great majority, are altogether at the mercy of wet, cold, and sudden alternations of temperature, deleterious airs, putrid effluvia, and all the invisible agents injurious to health; while the rich, even those few amongst them that study the subject, have but very few of such agents, and those very imperfectly, under their control. The effects of the effluvia of a neighbouring lane or stagnant pool not under their proprietorship, may baffle all the efforts of their wealth and of the skill of their advisers. It is evident that where all interests are united, as in a co-operative community, whatever the knowledge and strength and command of extent of land and water of two thousand persons or any other associated number can do, may be carried into effect to banish these aerial agents of disease and occasionally to substitute for them other substances or influences useful to health.

So with respect to the next mentioned set of physical agents injurious to health, uncleanliness of person, dwelling, walks, and places of resort; to which may be added general confinement, compression of the viscera or limbs, at particular occupations, &c; a co-operative community has them entirely at command. Uncleanliness operates in two ways: first, by stopping the pores of the skin and preventing perspiration, the blood is driven in undue quantity into the interior of the body where it irritates the viscera, particularly the stomach and intestinal canal, the original focus of nine tenths of our diseases, producing acute or chronic inflammations, or else the skin itself becomes irritated and diseased by the condensation of the perspirable matter, and cutaneous eruptions of different inflammatory species appear: next, by generating putrid effluvia which load the surrounding air with matter injurious to health liable to be swallowed by the saliva so as to irritate the stomach and intestines or to be sucked in by the lungs to irritate their structure or the surrounding parts. Under competitive or arbitrary arrangements every individual is liable to be incommoded by the neglect of cleanliness of his neighbour; those few gross cases excepted which are sufficiently palpable for the interference of law, and where the aggrieved party has the pecuniary means of defraying the charges of that expensive and, to all but the rich, utterly inefficient instrument of redress. In a town, every twenty or one hundred feet afford a hostile or as termed an independent proprietor; and the effect of the best domestic arrangements are limited to the few that inhabit one house, in which even frequently the health of one class or one person is purchased at the expense of the slow-consuming, unvaried, bought, and reluctant watching and privations of others. In a co-operative community one system of washing, brushing, ventilation, heating, of removing, intercepting, absorbing, or neutralizing deleterious gasses, would pervade the whole establishment and extend equally and efficaciously to all. No cellar, no garret, nor dungeon-bred contagions could there be generated and diffuse themselves. Abundance of wholesome food, and neat clothing to all (limited in the use, by prudence acquired from knowledge) will necessarily lead in a community to cleanliness of person, and cleanliness of person will necessarily lead to a desire to avoid the contact, or aspect, or influence of things unclean. Now, the cleanliness of the rich, even as to person (and they can command little more) is of very little use to them surrounded as they every where are with the uncleanliness of the poor, and neglecting the regulation of food and of aerial physical agents. These have formed no part of the education of the rich any more than of the poor; nor have they either time or inclination to divert their attention from the overwhelming pursuit of the contests for immediate wealth and vulgar distinction to such rational, calm, and comprehensive enquiries.

Now, there is scarcely a branch of manufacture or trade that has not its peculiar diseases, over and above those which are incident to all. No operations requiring injurious positions of the body or muscles, or other wise dangerous, would be permitted in a community for a longer time, or under any other circumstances, than would be compatible with the health, and the preservation of the health, of those who practised them: where a high temperature was required, those whose constitution a high temperature suited would select such occupations, thus turning the facilitators of production into the instruments of health.

We laugh at the Chinese for abridging the natural and useful, and therefore beautiful, form of the feet of the women of the rich, by compression, to the standard of 5 or 6 inches in length; but we force by compression the waist of the women of our rich into the deformity of a diameter of a few inches, from exactly the same love of vain distinction; and by injudicious dress, unequal exposure of the person, inflammatory solid and liquid poisons under the name of luxurious food, and every species of neglect and folly, bring on or accelerate, in co-operation with our cold and variable climate, the progress of pulmonary complaints amongst young people. In a community the circumstances which give rise to such preposterous follies would not exist. Dress would therefore be regulated by utility and remodelled for both sexes, young and old, wherever necessary. The human frame, by properly regulated industry and intellectual exercise and ease, would be developed into health, strength, and beauty, and not deformed in order to prove, by the indications of delicacy and unfitness for exertion, the wealth of its sickly and unfortunate owner.

The last mentioned of the physical causes injurious to health and long life is ‘the want of the means of re-establishing health or repairing accidents.’ In society as now at random constituted by individual pulling against individual, disease or accident quickly absorb the scanty resources of the poor, the great body of men, and privations and wretchedness unutterable, unseen, unknown, and uncared for by any but the sufferers, frequently terminating in premature death, are under such circumstances the common lot. Insurances and benefit clubs shield not by the comparatively rich and in proportion to the need of assistance subtract from the hard-earned passing comforts of industry. Hospitals, infirmaries &c aid those only who are patronized by the subscribers or governors, with skill (frequently bitter and insulting neglect under the pretence of skill) and medicines alone; or if with temporary sustenance, the industrious creep out, convalescent, to recover strength in the midst of the dilapidations of all their resources and with utter ignorance of the means of regimen and other means (even if they had the pecuniary resources) necessary to the re-establishment of perfect health. In a co-operative community, not only would medical or surgical skill and medicine and sustenance and appropriate attendance and accommodations and all physical renovating materials be afforded to all, but during recovery the patient would be surrounded with every physical and cheering moral agent appropriate to the perfect establishment of health, and the first returning efforts of industry would be light and adapted in species, ease, and length of exertion, to the returning powers, and the patient instead of being surrounded with rivals competing with him for bread and potatoes and newly-made rags, would be cheered and welcomed by associated friends all interested in his health, skill, and the productiveness of his exertions.

If from the physical causes of disease we turn to the mental, we shall find the superiority of communities equally striking in removing them; their removal being for the most part a necessary consequence of the removal of the physical causes of disease and premature death which we have noticed, and all of them under the influence of co-operative arrangements. Almost all the disappointments, anxieties and vexations of life arise, amongst the poor, from want or dread of want of the physical means of comfort or existence, and amongst the rich from contests to outdo each other in the way of accumulation. There is no tranquillity, no peace of mind, no calm reliance on the certain effects of industry and integrity: all is a vortex of hope, of apprehension: truth and confidence between man and man, form the exception, not the rule, of life and social intercourse: rivalship, and distrust, the necessary effects of competition, universally prevail: a universal fever of excitement amongst the fortunate, not to increase enjoyment but, to outrun each other, burns through society: amongst the poor rankle a universal languor, depression, discontent, and unhoping ignorance. The springs of the life of every individual, the nervous system acting on the vascular and digestive and thro’ them on the whole physical frame, are eternally preyed upon and weakened through imperceptible mental impulses, sometimes producing the glaring effects of insanity, sometimes of self-destruction, but usually in all other cases, the unerring effect of liability to disease the premature yielding to its ever-ready attacks. It is evident that the arrangements of co-operative industry, where all is joint possession, and where the enjoyments of one can only advance in union and at an equal pace with all surrounding enjoyments, the disappointments, anxieties, and vexations arising from the pursuit of exclusive wealth must be unknown; and thus will physical causes judiciously directed to the preservation of heath and long life, be undisturbed in their operation and produce their appropriate effects.

Next, of the mental causes destructive to health, come the ungratified vehemence and excesses of misdirection of the passions or desires. Now, from the artificial restraints and antipathies of society arising from inequalities of wealth, power, and honor, from the despotism exercised by the richer or stronger over the weaker, seldom can natural feelings display themselves: connexions of what are called friendship or love, are made with a view to wealth and domination: envies and jealousies and hatreds are generated even after such connexions are formed, or their formation is prevented by trifling differences of station: despair and fury seize on their victims, and melancholy or violence, from the impossibility of innocent gratification, eat away or at once snap short the thread of existence. On the other hand, the mere animal part of sexual pleasure is bought by the rich of the stronger or dominant sex at the lowest market price of competition and enjoyed with as heartless selfishness as any other purchased gratification: while the weaker, poorer, selling parties, used, thrown by, and trampled upon, generally terminate life after a few years of feverish riot. How different in a community where all would be equal in point of possessions and enjoyments, whence all the sources of antipathy would be gradually removed, and where personal qualities and mutual pleasing would be the only passports requisite to mutual happiness. No selling or buying of friendship, affection or love. Rage, hatred, envy, jealousy, fear, with all the other malignant or depressing passions wearing out the springs of life, would be gradually obliterated by the imperceptible effects of co-operative arrangements, from want of food to prey upon: while the inspiring passions, joy, hope, affection, invigorating life and averting or mitigating the effects even of injurious physical agencies, would spring up, like the creations of industry, from the assured prospects of success attendant on exertion, from easy access to appropriate objects of gratification, from the daily mutual interchange of acts tending to excite mutual good-will, and from the dependence of each on all and of all on each individual member. The natural desires, (now preposterously over-lauded, over-estimated, and over-excited, and as preposterously repressed) when left to their free course, with no artificial obstacles interposed, mutually find out the appropriate objects of enjoyment, and find their level of gentle and healthful gratification and contentment: and when all possible consequential evils, such as an injurious increase of numbers or abstraction of time from useful employments are, by appropriate regulations, guarded against, all the evils now arising from the misdirection of the passions would be avoided, and unbridled vehemence having no stimulus, from the removal of unnatural restraints, would not be called into action.

Last of the mental causes affecting health and long life, and which peculiarly affect the rich, rendering useless to their happiness what is wrung out of the wretchedness of their fellow-creatures, are the listlessness and disgust arising from over-repletion and want of active employment. To escape from the dreaded enemy, the listlessness of their own vacuity of thought, the idle rich, left without motives to exertion, rack their inventions for pleasures which require no exertion, in the enjoyment of which they will be the mere passive recipients; or failing in this, from want of pecuniary means or from want of capability in an over-excited organization, they rush into the hazards of chance, preferring the risk of positive misery from the reverses and consequential vices of gambling in its various shapes, to their habitual waste and desert of existence amidst the craving of unemployed capabilities. The idle rich know not that personal exertion is one of the most essential of the constituents of the price that must be paid for health and continued enjoyment; or they have lost the power, with the motives, of commanding such necessary exertion. By rendering moderate and healthful employment, muscular or mental, necessary to the existence of all, capable of such employment, these scourges to the lives of many whom the poor esteem blessed, would be banished. The now expressive and fatal word, ennui, would not be found in the vocabulary of co-operative industry: cheerfulness would be the ever-constant attendant on activity, and this last class of evils to health from over-excitement and indolence, would be unknown.

The preservation of uninterrupted health therefore through the longest period of life, would be peculiarly within the power of co-operative communities. It would be their interest to find out and to study and to experiment upon all they physical causes affecting health, the quality, permanent effects, quantity and regulation of food, and of other physical agents; and these being discovered, free course would be given to their operation by the removal of those mental causes, effected by co-operative arrangements, which if left as now in full activity, would rend of no effect to happiness even the blessings of health and long life themselves.

As to the restoration of health when deranged, the secondary and subordinate object of the study and anxiety of co-operative physicians, we may at length look forward with much confidence, to a consistent, simple, philosophical practice, from the new and widely-extending French School of Medicine under the auspices of Professor Broussais of Paris. Dr. Broussais, formerly one of the heads of the medical staff of the French armies under Buonaparte and the Bourbons, without knowing or borrowing from the observations and opinions of the most celebrated physicians and surgeons in England, such as Abernethy, Lambe, Laurence, &c. co-temporary of the two former and predecessor of the latter, has systematised and improved upon their theory and practice, particularly in the regulation of food and other over-exciting stimulants to the diseased and convalescent, so as to promise an expeditious and soothing mode of living on gently-exciting food which can alone secure the preservation of health, with length of life. The leading features of the new school are, that the greater part by far of our diseases proceed from inflammation or irritation, first of a particular part, mostly of the stomach or intestinal canal; that the general mode of cure is by prompt local bleeding, instead of general blood-letting, applied as nearly as possible to the part affected; substituting for stimulating drugs and exciting food sedative and soothing internal and external applications, and saccharine, mucilaginous, or lemon-acid drinks until other nutritive but non-irritating solids can be borne by the stomach or intestines without increasing or keeping up the irritation. Almost all our common diseases, those of the liver, the lungs, the brain, gout, rheumatism, etc., are shown to be almost always secondary, instead of primary, affections, derived, by the sympathy of nervous connection, from the stomach and other parts of the long intestinal canal, and mostly brought on by the improper regulation, or rather utter want of regulation, of the physical agents, food, air, heat, cold, moisture, etc., on the human frame. See Broussais’ ‘Examen des docrtines medicales’, and ‘Conversations on physiological medicine.’

But we must not expect from Dr Broussais or from any other school of medicine, more than they promise or undertake, namely to cure diseases once contracted, not to restore perfect health, much less to preserve that first object of rational desire. To the patient himself, (necessarily, under present social arrangements, ignorant, and anxious only for the re-enjoyment of the interrupted pleasure of taste and appetite of whatever species the chance of his situation might have enabled him to procure when in health), is almost always left, and, under ordinary circumstances, must ever be left, the task of preserving his own health. To accomplish this, an acquaintance with a considerable portion of the most interesting branches of physical knowledge, particularly the facts or organisation and conditions of life, as well as a habit of steady regard to future consequences, are indispensable requisites. To enable every one to acquire such knowledge and such habits, now within the reach of almost none, would be one of the results of co-operative education.

As the progress of the increase of the numbers of mankind, and of improved and increased culture of the soil, must lead to the universal substitution of the use of vegetable instead of animal food for human support, it is pleasant to reflect that all the late developments of science and experiment tend to show that the improvement of the human race, particularly of their mental powers, as well as comparative freedom from disease and length of life, will be incalculably forwarded by such a change. All liquors whatever capable of intoxicating, whether extracted from vegetable or animal substances, are pernicious as articles of food. But even in vegetable nourishment (grains, fruits, roots, leaves, and their combinations and extracts), excess must be guarded against as well as in using animal matter, as leading to irritation and inflammation as certain, though not as violent, as excess in animal or mixed food. The writer has not for the last fourteen years of his life used any species of animal food nor any sort of intoxicating liquor; but finds it more necessary than when using mixed food to curb, as well in the quantity as the selection of his vegetable food, an appetite now always too eager for gratification. The result chiefly of personal experiments, aided by observation and by the testimony of the experience of others, has afforded the following list of articles of ordinary vegetable food in the order of their nutritious qualities and their effects in raising the pulse, stimulating the system, etc., though eaten in quantities proportionate to their nourishing qualities, the first, turnips, being the weakest, the nineteenth, wheaten flour, the most nourishing article of vegetable food.

1. Turnips.

2. Cabbages, common sorts, something varying in nourishment.

3. Home ripe fruits, apples, pears, &c. not prepared by cooking.

4. Broccoli, cauliflower, spinach, Jerusalem artichokes.

5. Carrots, onions, etc., garlick, roasted chestnuts.

6. Apples stewed, &c, with sugar; pears, plums, &c, ditto; rhubarb.

7. Peas, beans, cooked green; kidney-beans.

8. Parsnips.

9. Rice boiled in water, without sugar or other nourishing addition.

10. Potatoes.

11. Rice boiled in water with sugar.

12. Peas preserved and boiled.

13. Figs, raisins, currants, dried, eaten very slowly.

14. Potato flour, cleared of fibrous matter.

15. Arrow-root flour, or potato imitation thereof.

16. Oaten flour.

17. Barley flour.

18. Indian Corn flour.

19. Wheaten flour.

When either of the above articles is prepared by stewing with milk, butter, lard, or other animal matter, it loses its place in the scale, and the weakest article so compounded may be made more exciting than the most nutritious in the list, according to the quantity and quality of the additions. Mixtures of the above simple substances (if not chemically altered by the combination or preparation by heat) in puddings, pies, soups, stews, &c., will nourish and excite in proportion to the respective quantities of their component parts. The relative quantities of the above nineteen gradations of vegetable food, to be consumed by any individual so as to produce the same effects in the way of nourishment, motion of the blood, and general stimulation, (derangements and peculiarities of constitution excepted) may be put down as five or six parts for the first or least nourishing on the list (say a mixture of turnips and cabbages) for one part of the most nourishing, wheaten grain, or its prepared flour; and the intermediate articles will be nearly in the ratio of their numbers as to nourishing and stimulating effects.

The effects on the pulse or circulation and the stimulating qualities on the system, do not always coincide with the nutritive qualities of vegetables; i.e. the most nourishing are not always the most stimulating nor the less nourishing always the less stimulating; nor would the order of effect even of the nutritive qualities be the same on all constitutions, though not deranged, as now, by over-stimulating or unhealthy food. But the exceptions arising from these sources are trivial, and are easily adjusted in practice.

The under vegetable articles, nourishing and stimulating in the order that they are marked, may be usefully employed as seasoners to the above simple articles of food, or simply with a view to vary the preparation of the food, at the same time increasing its nutritive and stimulating qualities, viz;

• 20 Raspberry, currant, and other jams richly preserved, without spirits.

• 21 Jellies of currant and other fruits richly preserved.

• 22 Honey.

• 23 Sugar, sugar-candy.

• 24 Gums, Arabic, &c.

• 25 Vegetable oils.

The foregoing lists of the articles of food in the order of their nourishing and stimulating effects, will be found particularly useful to the convalescent and to the invalid, as soon as the state of the digestive organs permits the use of solids to succeed to that of liquid food.

Salads and all sorts of small vegetables, nourishing according to the above numbers to which they are most nearly allied, are chiefly used to mix up with the above more substantial articles for soups, stews, &c.: vinegar, mustard, catsup, and other vegetable extracts, as mere seasoners.

Tea, coffee, chocolate, with other vegetable infusions, should be used chiefly as seasoners and qualifiers of water where the vegetable food is of the more nutritive description, as when it consists chiefly of bread and other preparations or combinations of flour from the different grains, particularly wheat, or of dried fruits, none of which supply sufficient water for the wants of the system.

It was the Great American philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson, who
said “the first law of success is self-trust”. Try to observe
those people who have made the grade and invariably you will see
them exude self-confidence. It is your greatest reservoir of
power and what makes it stronger all the more is that real
self-confidence is backed up by faith. It is unfortunate,
however, to realize that there are many obstacles to the
building and maintenance of self-confidence.

A great paradox lies in the fact that those people who may be
closest to you could also be the ones who rob you of your
self-confidence. Your friends and family, while not necessarily
meaning to do so could destroy your self-confidence through
opinions and ridicule that could be intended to be humorous.
Therefore it behoves you who desire a great achievement and
lasting success to immunize yourself against the negative
influences of your friends, acquaintances and family.

Do not let other people’s opinions easily influence you. This
kills countless ideas and plans. I recently heard one successful
entrepreneur give the advice that you should not tell your
business ideas and plans to your friends until you fully invest
yourself in it to a point of no-return. Let me further clarify
this to make the point that if you have a friend who is
success-oriented and an optimist, you can count her an exception
in this case. Yet it is more advisable to seek advice from
people without necessarily divulging the purpose of your
enquiry. “you have a mind of your own, use it” says Joe
Slattery.

Yes go ahead and keep a mind tightly closed against the negative
influences of friends and acquaintances, have faith and be firm
in pursuing your endeavors. Miami Heat Coach, Pat Riley says
his late dad inspired him to

Plant my feet.

Stand firm.

And make a point

about who I am

Self-confidence is a great secret of success so make it a habit
to deliberately infuse your mind with this great quality. It
will imbue you with the quintessential resource base of personal
initiative, which every successful person needs. It would also
serve as a special guide and an unfailing aid to you especially
in times of difficulty in the daily vicissitudes of life. It was
W.H Murray who quoted the great Johan Wolfgang von Goethe,
saying,

“Whatever you can do or dream you can, begin it
Boldness has genius, power and magic in it”.

PALO ALTO, CA –Mark Zuckerberg announced that Facebook will be shut down in March. Managing the site has become too stressful.

“Facebook has gotten out of control,” said Zuckerberg in a press conference outside his Palo Alto office, “and the stress of managing this company has ruined my life. I need to put an end to all the madness.”

Zuckerberg went on to explain that starting March 15th, users will no longer be able to access their Facebook accounts.

“After March 15th the whole website shuts down,” said Avrat Humarthi, Vice President of Technical Affairs at Facebook. “So if you ever want to see your pictures again, I recommend you take them off the internet. You won’t be able to get them back after Facebook goes out of business.”

Zuckerberg said the decision to shut down Facebook was difficult, but that he does not think people will be upset.

“I personally don’t think it’s a big deal,” he said in a private phone interview. “And to be honest, I think it’s for the better. Without Facebook, people will have to go outside and make real friends. That’s always a good thing.”

Some Facebook users were furious upon hearing the shocking news.

“What am I going to do without Facebook?” said Denise Bradshaw, a high school student from Indiana. “My life revolves around it. I’m on Facebook at least 10 hours a day. Now what am I going to do with all that free time?”

However, parents across the country have been experiencing a long anticipated sense of relief.

“I’m glad the Facebook nightmare is over,” said Jon Guttari, a single parent from Detroit. “Now my teenager’s face won’t be glued to a computer screen all day. Maybe I can even have a conversation with her.”

SIGN THE “SAVE FACEBOOK” PETITION HERE

Those in the financial industry are criticizing Zuckerberg for walking away from a multibillion dollar franchise. Facebook is currently ranked as one of the wealthiest businesses in the world, with economists estimating its value at around 7.9 billion.

But Zuckerberg remains unruffled by these accusations. He said he will stand by his decision to give Facebook the axe.

“I don’t care about the money,” said Zuckerberg. “I just want my old life back.”

The Facebook Corporation suggests that users remove all of their personal information from the website before March 15th. After that date, all photos, notes, links, and videos will be permanently erased.

CONCLUSION:

THIS NEWS came from a wild idea of a certain person, imagining life after facebook.

Imajin yo pa labat so sakey a headline na newspaper: “PAPASAKBAYAN SO SARAY TOTOO ED MAKAKONTAMENAN WALAD KALIBERLIBER YO!”
Diad miparan paraan say libro na Apocalipsis so mamapasakbay ed parIhon pakasamalan.
Saray publikasyon tayo so mangipapalag ed taloran pigura na sayan mundo. Diad inlabas na saray milenyo sarayan elemento so naynay ya presente ed saray sistema na gobgobyerno. Sikatayon Kristyano et amta tayo ya saraya so paraan nen Satanas pian narutakan to so kanonotan na sayan mundo. (2 Cor 4:4)
Balet, sayan symposium et iwalwal to so masilib tan mairap a likasen ya paraan pian sikatayo so niiyan ed kapeligroan. Singa to itayo kankaninot a nasasamalan.
Say unonan paka-kontamenaan et say “atap ya ayep.” Sikato so walan na pitoran ulo tan samploran saklor. [Basaen tayo so Apocalipsis 13:1, 2.] No atan a manhuhuramentadon atep ya ayep et nabulos ed lugar yo talagan sikayo so manalerto tan mantalaran ed amin a panaon.
Anto so sayan simbolikon atap ya ayep? Deniskribe nen Daniel so apiteran atap ya ayep ya kaparpara na saya, tan imbaga to saraya et apatiran arari, odino politicon pakayari. (Dan 7:4-7, 17; w04 4/1 4).
San nakdaan na sarayan linmetaw ya imperyo et nansiansia ya agad sarayan agew tan linmaok ed saray nasyones tan sikato so mamurma na masibeg ya ayep tan kompleto lan samplora so saklor to. Sikato so angaranan na “numero na too”, ya idadalingerang ton sikato so sakey a bengatla ed dalin. (Rev. 13:18) Say atap ya ayep ed irepresenta to so higanten sankamunduan a pulitikan systema nen Satanas. (re 196 par. 34) Sikato so omuang, maruksa tan agton balot panengnengan na panangasi so Kristianon congregation. (Rev. 13:7; re 178. Par 5) Diad katuan to et say interon dalin so pwersaan to minarkaan, ya impasen ton kayaryan to. [Basaen so Apocalipsis 13:16, 17]
Sikatayo ran Kristianos so kaukulan ya iter tayo so Kristyanon obligasyon tayon ipanengneng so respeto ed saray goberno, balet ta agtayo nepeg ya awatan so pakamarkaan na atap ya ayep. (Rom. 13:1, 6, 7; re 191 par. 20) Lapud ta say lima et irepresenta to so saray kiwas tayo tan say muling et irepresenta to so saray kanonotan tayo, say pangawat ed satan a marka et ipapanengneng ton sakey a persona o sakey a bengatla so makankontrol ed isip tan gawaen tayo. Pinili na saray inmunan Kristianos so ompatey imbis a namarkaan.
Panon a sikatayo bilang Kristyanos et nayarin na-kontamina na marka na atap ya ayep?
1.) Ipasen yo man bilang ya natutulok yo so principyon walad Isaias 2:4, ampan say kanonotan tayo so agnanaimanon namamantsaan la no mansalita tayo na saray onian panangibalikas: “say dapag tayo”, “saray tropa tayo”, odino “say presidente tayo”?
2.) Diad panaon na eleksion siempre agtayo omboboto. (Juan 18:33, 36) Balet ta ompan, say kanonotan tayo et walay papanigan to no panaon na “election campaign”? Alimbawa, ibebesngaw yo ta so pipapakna yo ed plataporma na sakey a kandidato, tan ampan pandinayewan yo ni ingen so abig na plataporma na sakey a polical party?
3.) Sikayo ran kalangweran diad saray eskuelaan et siguradon agyo isasaludo so “national idol” say bandila (Deut 5:8, 9) Balet, ta ampan say liknaan yo et singa gabay yo so misali ed saray school politics?
4.) Miparpara met, no say sports team na bansan niyanakan tayo et mikontest ed arum a bansa, diad siopa so akindalem tayon ikikinon, odino excited ti ni ingen ya ibibida so sakey a team? Panon to no satan a team et talagan maong iran manggalaw, lapud talagan marunong so saray players to? Siempre say pangapresyam ed dunong na satan a team et aliwan porma na nationalismo. Bangbalet, no sikatayo so ompanig ed sakey a team lapud bilib tayon say bansa na satan a team so talagan mas matalungaring nen say arum niran bansa, kasin onletaw so liknaan tayon walay pagkanationalismo to pian iyalibansa tan manlikliket ti nin mangibida ed satan a dapag?
Imanoen tayo pa so sakey a demonstrasyon, tan imano yon maong agagi ampan diad apalabas iran agew, bulan, o taon et ampan amantsaan kayo na nationalismo.
[demonstration 2 minutes]

Kanian, komon ta manalwar tayo pian agtayo namantsaan, o nakontamena ed saray angkekelag a minumundo issues.
Mansiansian sayan atap ya ayep et makapasakit anggad nasabi so sakey a agew et sikato la so naderal ed andi-anggan. (Apo 19:19, 20) Kanian, komon ta determinado tayon biig ed sayan mundo and pansiansiaen tayon ag nakontamena so Kristianon neutralidad tayo.
Diad sakey nin kipapasen, wala ni so arum a mangyan ed sikatayo ed kaatapan diad limog tayon Kristianos. Say Kumanduan nibabantog ed libro na Apocalipsis et saya: “Agkayo pakokontamenaan na “Baleg a Balangkantis”.” Saya so ipaliwawa nen Brother Benedicto Santos na Basing Congregation.

“Hence, when we face difficult trials or feel in desperate need of assistance, we can rightly pray that Jehovah quickly come to our aid. “

Nobody in this world that by worrying to the point of anxiety he was able to solve his problem.  Based on my personal experience if a problem is insurmountable I just leave the problem to solve itself.  It is not our obligation to solve something beyond our control.  After all, God is always in perfect control of everything.  For God, nothing is impossible.   For us humans, our obligation is just to depend on our Loving Creator.

We have no right to brag in front of the supreme sovereign by stiff-neckedly trying to solve our problems without tapping his help.

The CHS wishes to grant its acknowledgment and full gratitude to our instructor Sir Rony T. Paragas. Thank you so much sir!

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CHS with inset acquaintance kiddin around

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CHS’s show of pride together with Mr. Lomibao

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An on-stage stolen shot with Mr. Mendoza facing backwards and few inset CHS trainees. Mr. Lomibao in stripe shirt cuddled by Richie and Sir Rony smiling aside

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Power Camp 2009 – on-stage caption from L-R; Regie, Jayson, Monsour, Michael, Mr. Mendoza, Francis, Lenie, Richie, Mr. Lomibao, Sir Rony Paragas. Not on picture? heh heh me!

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